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US Military Base In India – After QUAD Pact, Will Modi Invite The US Navy To Andaman Islands?

In the strategic circles in both the US and India, there are now more voices favoring the idea of India providing a military base to the US Navy, preferably somewhere in the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands.

On May 17, The EurAsian Times had reported that “the US Hunting for More Military Bases to Cripple China; India One of the Options”.

Since the US Navy is said to be planning to deploy 60 percent of its surface ships in the Indo-Pacific, it wants safe territories in or the adjoining Arabian Sea, Andaman & Nicobar, and the Bay of Bengal for refueling and other logistic support.

In fact, the Pentagon has been looking for base opportunities in the Indo-Pacific since its 2004 Global Defense Posture Review (GDPR) plans that are “for increasing the number of overseas US facilities by replacing and supplementing large Cold War-era bases in Germany, Japan, and South Korea with smaller facilities known as forward operating sites, or FOSs (small installations that can be rapidly built-up), and cooperative security locations, or CSLs (host-nation facilities with little U.S. personnel but with equipment and logistical capabilities), both of which can be activated when necessary.

These FOSs and CSLs will be used against sources of regional instability”.

India-US Defense Cooperations

As over the last 20 years in the sphere of defense, India and the United States have come a long way – from signing the New Framework for Defense Cooperation in June 2005 to become “major defense partners” in 2016, conducting the largest number of peace-time military exercises bilaterally every year (nearly 70), and concluding the three “basic agreements” of the Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA), Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement (COMCASA) and the Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement (BECA) – it is argued that there are merits in the idea of India granting the US some base facilities.

Professor Amit Gupta of the United States Air Force’s Air War College, Alabama, argues that since the US is now India’s natural ally in protecting their common interests against China, “it is time to take the relationship to the next level and that means providing the US with a military base which would allow the US Navy to have a chokepoint to the Strait of Malacca, thereby putting pressure on Chinese maritime assets and its oil supply routes.”

Gupta adds, “Such an arrangement would also convince Washington that New Delhi is not just about long-winded speeches followed up by little substantive measures but is actually willing to help maintain the Asian security system” in the wake of the increasing acceptance of the geopolitical concept of “Indo-Pacific” and the QUAD (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue) of the two countries along with Japan and Australia.

India’s Nonalignment Policy

It may be argued that India’s traditional policy of nonalignment may come in the way of providing base facilities to another country. During the Cold War, India had reportedly rejected a proposal from Admiral Flota Sovetskogo Soyuza Gorshkov for a naval base for the then Soviet Union and Moscow never raised the issue again. But non-alignment is no longer a viable foreign policy instrument; in fact, it has become untenable.

It may sound strange but it is true that nonalignment has never been defined in any nonaligned forum ever since its formal birth in 1961 at Belgrade, the capital of the then Yugoslavia. As a result, as the famous Yugoslavian diplomat, Leo Mates, had once remarked, “There are as many definitions of nonalignment as there are nonaligned countries and possibly even more”.

At its third summit at Lusaka in 1970, the NAM (Nonaligned Movement) declared its “aims” which sound like a summary of the “purposes” of the United Nations. But what is the point in explaining what one “will” do without describing what one “is”?

However, it is agreed that nonalignment is not a goal in itself but an instrument of foreign policy. But then as the goal of every country’s foreign policy is to promote and consolidate its national interests, it logically follows that a nonaligned country has got the same right to promote its national interests as anyone else.

Therefore, what is wrong if by concluding a security treaty or lending a military base, a nonaligned country wants to promote its national interests (augmenting economic, technological, and military power)?

Even during the height of the Cold War, most of the nonaligned countries had always committed to either the “East” (Moscow) or the “West” (Washington DC). This is evident from their voting pattern on major issues in the United Nations during that period.

Focus On Indo-Pacific

Viewed thus, if at this point of time India’s national interests will be better served by closely coordinating with fellow democracies in the Indo-Pacific (Japan, Australia, Republic of Korea, among others) in general and the United States in particular, and that includes proving base facilities, it should not be viewed as jettisoning Indian sovereignty. Doing so will be a superficial view.

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Author and veteran journalist Prakash Nanda has been commenting on Indian politics, foreign policy on strategic affairs for nearly three decades. A former National Fellow of the Indian Council for Historical Research and recipient of the Seoul Peace Prize Scholarship, he is also a Distinguished Fellow at the Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. He has been a Visiting Professor at Yonsei University (Seoul) and FMSH (Paris). He has also been the Chairman of the Governing Body of leading colleges of the Delhi University. Educated at the Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, he has undergone professional courses at Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (Boston) and Seoul National University (Seoul). Apart from writing many monographs and chapters for various books, he has authored books: Prime Minister Modi: Challenges Ahead; Rediscovering Asia: Evolution of India’s Look-East Policy; Rising India: Friends and Foes; Nuclearization of Divided Nations: Pakistan, Koreas and India; Vajpayee’s Foreign Policy: Daring the Irreversible. He has written over 3000 articles and columns in India’s national media and several international dailies and magazines. CONTACT: prakash.nanda@hotmail.com
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